فصلنامه دراسات الادب المعاصر
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 58، صیف 2023)

Intertextuality is the production of a text through interaction with the texts of its predecessors or contemporaries, and those texts are shared in the required text explicitly, not explicitly and implicitly from one text to another. Gerard Genet is considered one of the most prominent researchers in the field of intertextuality, as most of his studies focus on the nature of narrative discourse. This article was written in a descriptive and analytical manner using library sources. He studied the intertextuality in the books “Manazil al-Sa’irin” and “Al-Bayyad wa Al-Sawad”, both of which are in Arabic and have been translated into Persian. The Houses of the Walkers were assessed as post-text and the book of whiteness and blackness as a pre-text, and the participation of the text of whiteness and blackness in the text of the Houses of the Walkers was determined explicitly, indirectly and implicitly with a special look at the mentality of Gerard Genet.Research conducted indicates that Khwaja Abdullah Al-Ansari was influenced by Al-Bayad wa Al-Sawad Al-Sirjani. Explicit intertextuality is not seen in this work, non-explicit intertextuality has less frequency than implicit intertextuality, and in general, the conceptual commonalities of Walkers' Houses are limited to whiteness and blackness.

The field of meaning is one of the most flexible levels in language, and this is why it transforms more than its other levels. The poems of the Syrian social poet, Muhammad al-Maghout, are collected in three poetry books: “Sadness in the moonlight”, “A room with millions of walls” and “Joy is not my profession.” And you see all kinds of moral violations. One of these violations is indicative, which includes: simile, personification, personification, metaphor, and ... the art or making of the diagnosis was studied as a model for the types of semantic violations appropriate in the works of this contemporary poet and also “we tried to examine the use of a precise definition and Diagnosis in a literary text.There are two general sections, one of the two in terms of the semantics of any words and expressions in which the personification or embodiment is placed and that it falls into any group and the second section is the grammatical position of these words that is, that they use a compound "or as a sentence or a phrase." Each chapter is given an example from his poetry book.

Literary signs of Nima in the poem of Manouchehr AtashiAbstractIn the history of Persian poetry and literature, there have always been prominent poets who have attracted the attention of contemporary poets or the poets who lived in next centuries. The poetry of these composers has shown its presence in the works of others in different ways. In fact, by following the poetic and literary tradition and by using the poems of great poets before them, the later speakers created a relationship between their text and previous cultural texts and assets and enriched their poetry. Nima's status in contemporary Persian poetry is undeniable. Prominent poets after him are often composers who are familiar with his poetry and opinion and were influenced by it. Among these poets is Manouchehr Atashi. In Nima's way, he has paid attention to both climatic and native issues as well as to the phonemes. Atashi has secured some of Nima's poems and has also used the titles of his poems. In the following article, the obvious signs of Nima's presence in Atashi's poetry have been discussed using library sources and in a descriptive-analytical way.Keywords: Nima Youshij, Manouchehr Atashi, Intertextuality, climateism, Implication.

Miral Al-Tahavi is one of the Egyptian contemperory writers tries to depict the pains and problems of women in Egyptian society and the conditions of Egyptian people. So, women are the most important characters in her novels. By reviewing her novels, she can be called the voice of Egytian women`s Literature. She is a novelist who has a great tendency to study the place of women in society. Genrally, she chooses women as the heroines of her novels, and by focusing on feminine characters, tries to make them woman-oriented. “Broclyne Heights” is one of the novels of this eminet Egyptian novelst that could partly fulfill her purpose in describing the pains and sufferings of women. The alienation and Loneliness of Arab immigrant women is one of the most important themes of this novel; women who have experienced the problems of life in exile and want to overcome them as the narrator of narration. This article, which looks for ProclainHaites' theory, is based on a descriptive and descriptive approach that shows that the image of Arab immigrant women is a sad and turbulent picture. The woman who left her country looking for a good and quiet life but found these calamities and problems in new form in the strange country. The fact is that diaspora is not a virtuous city as some people think and present many challenges in the lives of migrants to foreign countries from traditional beliefs to the behavior of host society. T

The poetry of Ali Ja'far Al-Alaq is an objective subject with distinction and this strong relationship between Al-Allaq's poetry and reality is what makes Al-Allaq's poetry characterized by pessimism. The presence of pessimism also descends from the conviction of the poet that poetry is the son of loss and loss and must reflect the reality of living. This study sails in the world of Ali Jafar poetic relationship to clarify the vision of the poet to the Arab reality and manifestations of the crisis of self and the plight of place in the poet's poetry The research relied on his approach to poetry of the relationship on the descriptive analytical approach and took from the groups of the poet poetic samples to address the subject The results indicate that the poetry of the relationship is linked to the reality of living in which the poet analyzes the Arab reality by taking care of the legendary, religious and historical heritage and dedicates in it a fact that he believes in, that what dragged the Arabs to defeat and the young is due to the Arabs themselves and more to the Arab daring. Slow attendance and the act of treason and non-clinging to the land and identity and the crisis of belonging an attempt to incite the building of the Arab civilized society, which In the relationship between the sexes on the basis of harmony and union.

In this study, we want to discuss analytical method and relying on structural and semantic aspects of empowering palestinian poet lyrics nasrallah , To understand how the beautymaker axes the superstructure, and the construction of deep thoughts and emotions to induce resistance towards Palestine and reflect the concept is used? And how these axes is distinct language and content of his poetry. The results show that the surface structure to avoid recession fades nasrallah in ordinary language, the art techniques, rhetoric and composition to highlight new vocabulary word is used and has provided beauty of poetry. The readings also showed deep structure is based on his poems Palestine, Palestinian suffering and human tragedy, resistance, defiance and hope for the freedom to form. The construction of meaning is one of the tools that conscious poet richness of poetry, to contemplate forcing the audience and instill a sense it is used.Keywords: aesthetic, structural-semantic axes, resistance poetry, Ibrahim Nasrallah.

Ebrahim Mustafa al-Hamad is one of the poets whose poetry expresses the life conditions and glory of his people. His poetry is distinguished by its eloquence in description and beauty of meanings with artistic features and goals.This research, with descriptive-analytical method, tries to examine the poetic view of Ibrahim al-Hamd through his poetry divan "Attempts of Ghaimah's initiative" in four levels (lexical level, syntactic level, phonetic and semantic level). . One of the most important findings of the research is that: First of all, this collection of Al-Hamd Diwan poems is an outstanding love poem, because it contains a lot of romantic words and flirting with the beloved, describing her and singing about her beauty. There are many terms of literary words in the divan of the poet and his likes, etc. and the most comprehensive words that refer to nature and related to it. Secondly, the study conducted in the analysis of the compositional level of the poem shows the wide presence of present sentences and the variety of compositional sentences. The importance of musical repetition and puns, strange sounds and abandoned sounds in most of the poems of the poet Ebrahim al-Hamad in his divan is due to the feeling of comfort and The calmness is evident. Mental stability, which requires transparency in transferring his poetic dialogue to another. Thirdly, there are many sources of artistic images in Ebrahim al-Hamd's poems, hence we see the wide and prominent presence of similes and metaphors in his poetry collection.

Love for the homeland is in the essence of all human beings and it is an undeniable feeling so that nationalism is one of the permanent topics in poets' poetry. Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi is a poet whose nationalism tendencies and attitudes are prominent in his poetry. In fact, his poetry calls for the awakening and progress of the country. In this way, he takes advantage of issues such as the fight against colonialism and aliens, as well as honoring the status of science, art, and civilization. He sarcastically refers to the progress of the West to the people of his homeland. He pays attention to the issues of the homeland and loves his country and portrays his regret for the backwardness of his homeland in the form of abstract and metaphorical images. He complains that why his compatriots neglect their homeland while he himself sacrifices his life for his country. The present study aims to state al-Zahawi’s attention to the issue of homeland and its progress with a descriptive-analytical and library method. The results show that the poet focuses on the elements of national awakening and progress, including honoring the status of science and knowledge, resistance, anti-colonialism and patriotism.

Gérard Genet, a prominent structuralist narratologist, has presented a comprehensive plan for examining narrative texts. He five central categories of narrative; That is, he has analyzed order, continuity, facet, frequency and tone in examining his narrative. This research examines and compares the two novels Esfar Katban by Abu Torab Khosravi and Koli Kanaar Atash by Muniro Ravipour based on the narratological theory of Gérard Genet with a descriptive-analytical method. The result of this research shows that Abu Tarab Khosravi in Esfar Katban and Muniro Ravanpour in Koli Kanaar Atash have achieved time travel by using the method of returning to the past and entering the future. Both authors have addressed the importance of the incident in critical moments with repeated frequency and repetition of a narrative. In the novel Esfar Katban, the author has been more successful in telling his story due to the many time lapses, repeated frequencies and changes in the speed of the narration.

Language is a means of communicating and conveying messages. As in language, there is no escape from grammar and it is necessary to learn the norms and rules of the language with the help of grammar; In literature, there is no escape from norm avoidance and deviation from the law. In formalist ideas, reaching from like-mindedness to empathy is done by deviating the language from conventional and common standards, or in other words, "norm deviation". Norm-avoidance is one of the most frequent terms in the theory of formalists, which, although with tolerance, is considered synonymous with words such as "defamiliarization" and "highlighting", but it is worth noting that despite sharing the goal of difference They also have them together. One of the ways to stand out from Leach's point of view is deviance, which is breaking the common and normal rules of the language and going out of the normal standards of the language in such a way that the language has more identity and influence and can be between this type A distinction was made between normal language and normal language. The present research examines Siavash Kasraei's poem by Arash Kamangir based on the model of "Jeffrey Leach" with a descriptive-analytical approach and explores the types of norm deviation based on the mentioned model. The results of the research indicate that: Siavash Kasraei, by crossing the usual norms of language, especially semantic, syntactic and lexical norms avoidance, mixed beauty and excitement and caused "poetry".